Black Holes 3 Essay Research Paper Black free essay sample

Dark Holes 3 Essay, Research Paper Dark gaps are questions so thick that non even light can escape their attraction, and since nil can go quicker than light, nil can escape from inside a dark opening. Freely talking, a dark gap is a piece of boundless that has so much mass amassed in it that there is no way for a close by article to escape its gravitative force. Since our best hypothesis of attraction at the moment is Einstein # 8217 ; s general hypothesis of relativity, we need to dive into certain outcomes of this hypothesis to comprehend dark gaps in thing, by accepting about attractive energy under sensibly basic fortunes. Assume that you are remaining on the outside of a planet. You hurl a stone straight into the air. Expecting you wear # 8217 ; t toss it unreasonably hard, it will lift for a piece, however at long last the increasing speed because of the planet # 8217 ; s attraction will do it get down to tumble down again. On the off chance that you tossed the stone troublesome bounty, however, you could do it escape the planet # 8217 ; s attractive energy completely. It would keep up on lifting everlastingly. The speed with which you have to toss the stone all together that it only barely gets away from the planet # 8217 ; s attractive energy is known as the # 8220 ; get away from speed. # 8221 ; As you would envision, the flight speed relies upon the mass of the planet: if the planet is exceptionally solid, so its attraction is extremely solid, and the flight speed is high. A lighter planet would hold a littler flight speed. The flight speed other than relies upon how far you are from the planet # 8217 ; s focus: the closer you are, the higher the flight speed. The Earth # 8217 ; s escape speed is 11.2 kilometers every second ( around 25,000 M.P.H. ) , while the Moon # 8217 ; s is only 2.4 kilometers every second ( around 5300 M.P.H. ) .We can non see it, however radiation is produced by any issue th at gets gulped by dark gap in the signifier of X raies. Matter regularly circles a dark gap before being gulped. The undertaking turns truly quick and with other issue signifiers a collection circle of rapidly spinning issue. This gathering plate warms up through conflict to such high temperatures that it discharges X raies. What's more there is some X-beam beginnings which have all the belongingss depicted previously. Lamentably it is difficult to isolate between a dark opening and a neutron star except if we can turn out that the mass of the imperceptibly constituent is exorbitantly incredible for a neutron star. Solid grounds was found by Royal Greenwich Observatory uranologists that one of these beginnings called Cyg X-1 ( which implies the principal X-beam starting found in the design of Cygnus ) does so join a dark opening. It is conceivable at that place for a star to be gulped by the dark opening. The draw of attractive energy on such a star will be so solid as to interfere with it up into its constituent particles, and toss them out at high speed in all waies. Space experts have discovered a six or so parallel star frameworks ( two stars rotating each other ) where one of the stars is unseeable, yet should be at that place since it pulls with satisfactory gravitative power on the other seeable star to do that star circle around their basic focal point of attractive energy and the mass of the unseeable star is well more noteworthy than 3 to 5 sunlight based hoards. Subsequently these unseeable stars are believed to be acceptable campaigner dark openings. There is other than grounds that super-monstrous dark openings ( around 1 billion sun oriented hoards ) exist at the focuses of numerous cosmic systems and semi heavenly radio sources. In this last occasion different records of the final result of vitality by semi heavenly radio sources are non each piece great as the record using a super-enormous dark gap. A dark gap is shaped when a star of in excess of 5 sun oriented hoards comes up short on vitality fuel, and the external beds of gas is tossed out in a supernova explosion. The core of the star falls to a pro thick neutron star or a Black Hole where even the nuclear karyon are crushed together. The vitality thickness goes to forever. For a Black Hole, the span decreases than the Schwarzschild range, which characterizes the horizon of the Black Hole: The expire explosion of a solid star, resulting in a fresh expansion in brilliance followed by a slow weakening. At top obvious radiation finished result, supernova explosions can surpass a cosmic system. The external beds of the detonating star are impacted out in a radioactive cloud. This spread excursion cloud, seeable long after the underlying explosion cuts from position, frames a supernova extra. Thus, a dark gap is an article, which is smaller to the point that the flight speed from its surface is more prominent than the speed of obvious radiation. The accompanying even clus ter records get away from velocities and Schwarzchild radii for certain items: The dark opening hoards runing from 4 to 15 Suns ( 1 sun oriented mass = 1 Msun = 2 ten 1033 gms. ) And are accepted to be framed during supernova explosions. The eventual outcomes are seen in some X-beam twofold stars known as dark opening campaigners. The speed relies upon the mass of the planet. The researchers accept if our Sun passes on, the Sun may transform into a dark gap. Dark gaps were guessed around each piece ahead of schedule as 1783, when John Michell wrongly joined Newtonian gravity with the corpuscular hypothesis of obvious radiation. The build of a flight speed, Vesc, was acceptable known, and despite the fact that the speed of light wasn # 8217 ; T, Michell # 8217 ; s thought worked the equivalent. He demonstrated that Vesc was comparative with mass/perimeter and contemplated that, for a conservative satisfactory star, Vesc may great rise above the speed of noticeable radiation. His blun ders were twofold: he bought in to the corpuscular hypothesis of obvious radiation, and he accepted that Newton # 8217 ; s statute of cosmopolitan gravity could use to such a situation. These mistakes happened to cancel each other out, yet when the moving edge hypothesis of obvious radiation picked up favor, the uranologists deserted these dull stars. In the start of the twentieth century, Einstein proposed his hypothesis of general relativity. The articulation turned out to be by Michell and rederived, this clasp without blunders in the determination, by Karl Schwarzschild, gives the Schwarzschild span for any solid natural structure ( that is, a natural structure fusing mass ) : RS= 2GM/c2. Vesc for any natural structure littler than this range would rise above that of noticeable radiation, and since general relativity restricts this ; any issue inside RS would be squashed into the middle. Along these lines RS can usefully be thought of as the limit of a dark gap, called an occasi on horizon since all occasions inside RS are causally detached from the rest of the presence. There aren t numerous physical attributes of a dark opening. In an apothegm authored by John Wheeler, # 8220 ; dark openings have no hair, # 8221 ; hair expecting surface qualities from which inside informations of it # 8217 ; s arrangement may be acquired. There are no unsettling influences in its occasion horizon, no attractive Fieldss. The gap is completely round and in certainty has only three properties: it # 8217 ; s mass, it # 8217 ; s turn ( rakish drive ) , and it # 8217 ; s electric charge. Of these belongingss, it is simply the mass that worries uranologists. As a haze of gas gets, within warms up until the core is so hot and thick that nuclear responses can occur. This nucleosynthesis of H into heavier components creates a huge power for each unit region, fitting to the perfect gas statute P=NkT, and this power per unit territory holds the star facing farther gravitative surrend er. This area of harmony, during which a star is supposed to be on the central succession, goes on until the H in the core is spent, roughly 10 billion mature ages for a star like the Sun, whereupon attraction will restart withering the star. Decisively what happens following relies upon the entangled communications between various beds of the star, yet all things considered, the star will explode in a supernova. On the off chance that there is any extra of this explosion, its farther advancement depends about altogether on it # 8217 ; s mass. A leftover underneath 1.4 M ( @ ) will fall in until it tends to be bolstered by negatron degeneration power per unit region and arrange a white dwarf. An extra somewhere in the range of 1.4 and 3 M ( @ ) is stopped by neutron degeneration power per unit region and structures a neutron star. Decline power per unit territory is a result that outcomes from quantum mechanical cooperations when the thickness of subatomic molecules increments. As i t relies simply upon this thickness, it is non-warm and will remain no issue how much the star chills off. Still for extras over 3 M ( @ ) , non even decadence power per unit zone can counter the power of attractive energy, and a dark gap is conceived. This was the general base that general relativity provided for uranologists, however just on the grounds that something is permitted to go on doesn # 8217 ; t imply that it does. Most uranologists opposed such silly universes. Space experts are extremely preservationist commonly, and probably the most all around considered and persuasive uranologists of the twenty-four hours dismissed this idea so adequately that it wasn # 8217 ; t until the 60 # 8217 ; s that any existent chases started. From the start, the solitary instruments accessible were the old recognizable optical telescopes. Optical telescopes are simply what they sound like, telescopes delicate to the seeable piece of the electromagnetic range. This range can reveal a lot o f data sing the start of the obvious radiation. The shading shows the temperature of a star. By joining the sort of star, distinguished by recognizing tonss of different stars with comparable highlights, and our hypothetical records of driving methodology with an estimating of the star # 8217 ; s splendor, it is conceivable to figure the separation to the star. We can even discover the chemi

Domestic Violence Campaign in Malaysia

Abusive behavior at home Campaign in Malaysia Presentation What is abusive behavior at home? Abusive behavior at home is characterize as any type of forceful and rough conduct harassed on relatives or accomplices, paying little mind to sex, sexuality, race, culture or foundation (â€Å"Definition,† n.d.). On eighth March 2014, the battle #NoExcuseForAbuse was propelled related to International Women’s Day. The battle is facilitated by Women’s Aid Organization (WAO) which is a non-legislative association (NGO) in Malaysia. The association intends to advance and make regard, assurance and satisfaction of equivalent rights for ladies. The thought is that nobody has the right to be misuse (About us, n. d., â€Å"WAO Vision and Mission†). For over a half year of arranging, the crusade was enlivened by Art Director, Justin Phang and his group and it was effectively propelled at Publika, Kuala Lumpur on eighth March 2014. The crusade is bolstered by Studio DL, Publika, TWBA Kuala Lumpur, My Hero Hypermarket and the US Embassy. Research In Malaysia, 39% of ladies are assessed to have confronted aggressive behavior at home, however they regularly shroud reality of this social issue because of the conventional faith in the security of the family and the closeness of marriage connections. As indicated by a national research concentrate in Malaysia which is led by WAO somewhere in the range of 1990 and 1992, 1.8 million or 36% of ladies over the age 15 were beaten by their accomplices. In 1989, just 909 of them really detailed savagery to the police (Domestic Violence, n.d., â€Å"The Malaysian Context,† para. 1). Numerous ladies who face residential maltreatment may encounter trouble in comprehension and taking care of the issue. They may not know the maltreatment and keep on supporting it unconsciously. A large number of them don't have the foggiest idea about their privileges and what to do in the event that they are being mishandled by their accomplices. In this manner, the Domestic Violence Act was actualized in 1996 to shield ladies from being battered and mishandled. Aggressive behavior at home doesn't simply influence ladies yet additionally youngsters. Youngsters will be influenced genuinely as well as intellectually. They will feel weak and have low confidence. A large number of them may not confide in individuals effectively any longer. Other than that, numerous youngsters who witness misuse will either get pulled back, turn forceful, or they may display tormenting conduct towards other children.(The Effects of Domestic Violence (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.wao.org.my/The+Effects+of+Domestic+Violence+on+Children_106_62_1.htm) In view of the tale of Sanjeev, an observer of abusive behavior at home that we found in our exploration, Sanjeev began to observe his dad mishandling his mom when he was just two years of age. He understood that his mom was beaten by his dad even before he was conceived sometime in the future. In one specific occurrence, Sanjeev saw his dad attempted to hit his mom by utilizing a seat and compromised her with a blade. Sanjeev saw all these through a keyhole. Around then, his siblings and sisters were with him. He announced, Feel like kicking him!! One penny likewise wont give him! also, Hes no more in my family, when he was gotten some information about how he felt towards his dad. (The Effects of Domestic Violence (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.wao.org.my/The+Effects+of+Domestic+Violence+on+Children_106_62_1.htm) Aggressive behavior at home carries terrible effect on youngsters. Kids are powerless and vulnerable observers of the savagery that occurs in their homes since they are no ready to contradict. Moms consistently feel that it is difficult to escape from their harsh accomplices and advise themselves to remain until their youngsters grown up to give them a superior and complete condition for advancement. It occurs as the dad is the genuine affordable help of the family. In any case, these encounters of experiencing childhood in a damaging situation may have a drawn out effect on children’s lives. (The Effects of Domestic Violence (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.wao.org.my/The+Effects+of+Domestic+Violence+on+Children_106_62_1.htm) The seeing of abusive behavior at home by youngsters is a mental maltreatment for the kid. The childs improvement of self and social capacity will be influenced by the injurious activity of grown-up. They will feel dread accordingly making them feel that they live in a dangerous and flimsy condition when compromise and mishandled through verbal or physical. Every one of these elements add to an unfortunate condition for youngster development. (The Effects of Domestic Violence (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.wao.org.my/The+Effects+of+Domestic+Violence+on+Children_106_62_1.htm Activity The principle objective of the crusade is to raise open mindfulness and instruction towards aggressive behavior at home. The battle wants to support ladies who are misuse either genuinely, intellectually or emotionallyto connect for help. It plans to teach the general population on the issue and gives a channel to casualties to look for help.#NoExcuseForAbuse (2014,March 8) Retrieved from http://www.wao.org.my/news_details.php?nid=320ntitle=#NoExcuseForAbuse+ This goal is in accordance with its association, WAO which is to offer passionate and social help and care to ladies. Asides from that, the association objectives which is to spread the consciousness of savagery against ladies to open and related offices is additionally broadcasted through this battle. About us (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.wao.org.my/About+Us_3_3_1.htm The battle focuses on the starting phase of aggressive behavior at home where the circumstance has not irritated into a genuine state. It is by and large focused on ladies who are under maltreatment and are uncertain about whether the experience that they are experiencing is ordinary. They plan to convey the message that any kind of misuse whether it is physical, verbal or enthusiastic ought not go on without serious consequences. Consequently the trademark, â€Å"Be it physical, verbal or enthusiastic, there’s #NoExcuseForAbuse†.#NoExcuseForAbuse (2014,March 8) Retrieved from http://www.wao.org.my/news_details.php?nid=320ntitle=#NoExcuseForAbuse+ Correspondences So as to accomplish the campaign’s objective, a few occasions had been composed to guarantee its prosperity. Right off the bat, an establishment workmanship display was held at Publika, Kuala Lumpur from eighth March till seventeenth March 2014. In this way, it was held at My Hero Supermarket in Puchong and Sri Damansara from 22nd March till 31 March 2014.The presentation depicts hand-sewed expressions of the voices of casualty survivors on pullovers. â€Å"It’s okay, he was sorry. He said he’ll never do it again.† and â€Å"I’m scared of him, however leaving him will carry disgrace to my family† weresome of the voices included on the shirts. Theaim of the show is to make similar emotions and contemplations of what the casualties has felt.#NoExcuseForAbuse (2014,March 8) Retrieved from http://www.wao.org.my/news_details.php?nid=320ntitle=#NoExcuseForAbuse+ Also, banners of prominent ladies wearing the shirts with the message â€Å"Be it physical, verbal or passionate, #NoExcuseForAbuse† were discharge online via web-based networking media. 27 ladies swearing their help for the crusade specifically, YB Hajah Nancy Shukri (Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department), YB Hannah Yeoh (Selangor Assembly Speaker), YB NurulIzzah (MP for LembahPantai) and YB Mas ErmieyatiSamsudin (Putri UMNO Chief)were included on the online banners. The crusade urges the general population to send in their promise of help by taking photographs and posting them via web-based networking media with tag #NoExcuseForAbuse.#NoExcuseForAbuse (2014,March 8) Retrieved from http://www.wao.org.my/news_details.php?nid=320ntitle=#NoExcuseForAbuse+ Ultimately, a helpline was likewise discharged on the day the battle was propelled. TINA (Think I Need Aid) is a SMS helpline where individuals from general society may message to look for guidance or to report any dubious instance of misuse that they know.It is the first of it’s kind in Malaysia and they work from Monday to Friday, 9.00 am till 5.30 pm. Promotion official, Sally Wangsawijaya (2014) said that casualties particularly the more youthful age will discover the SMS helpline progressively ideal as it will resemble a casual discussion and they can stay mysterious. Furthermore, it will likewise be a more secure technique for the casualties to look for help if the guilty party is close by. She noticed that the casualties will be alluded to social laborer when they are prepared as assent is required before the casualties can be guided. #NoExcuseForAbuse (2014,March 8) Retrieved from http://www.wao.org.my/news_details.php?nid=320ntitle=#NoExcuseForAbuse+ Assessment Basing on the information and data that we have gathered, we went to an understanding that this battle has been compelling in attempting to raise open mindfulness and instruction towards abusive behavior at home. As one of the fundamental goals of the crusade is to contact the individuals who are in question and befuddle about the happenings in their relationship, an establishment workmanship presentation has been propelled to advise people in general on this issue. We concur that this strategy is compelling in handing-off its message as it plans to depict the comparative inclination that is experienced by the casualties through a presentation of hand-sewed words on shirts that speaks to the voices of the casualty survivors. By placing ourselves in the victim’s shoe, we feel that this presentation can make the vital inspiration and consolation to stand up and to look for suitable assistance. Moreover, we feel that the vow of help given by 27 prominent ladies volunteers can convey the message that ladies can be solid and autonomous all alone and they ought not surrender to mishandle. This activity is in accordance with the campaign’s primary message which is ‘Be it physical, verbal or enthusiastic, there’s #NoExcuseForAbuse’. Asides from that, we accept that the SMS helpline, TINA (Think I Need Aid) that was set up is a brilliant move to additionally empower survivors of aggressive behavior at home to connect for help. Josiah, I. (n.d). The idea of calling may be a lot of an

Buy Illustration Essay Get Great Experts to Do Your Writing

Buy Illustration Essay Get Great Experts to Do Your Writing Buy Illustration Essay Online Home›Buy Illustration Essay OnlineDefinition of an Illustration EssayBefore getting any further, let us clarify the following, “What is an illustration essay?” This type of essay can be described as a paper designed for providing expressive descriptive examples for the arguments listed by the author.If you analyze an illustrative essay example, you will see that it strives to give as many examples as possible in order to prove the key points expressed in the paper. In other words, instead of a discussion and various forms of convincing the readers, an illustrative essay uses evidence from different sources in order to support the main arguments. Just like any other type of essay, this one is supposed to have an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introductory part of an illustration essay presents the thesis statement, the key idea that the whole paper will attempt to prove. The body mentions the main theses related to the main statement and p rovides numerous examples that support it. The conclusion summarizes the information and rephrases the thesis statement again.Buy Illustration Essay: Assistance from a Reliable Company

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Zora Neale Hurston - 2149 Words

Outline Thesis statement: In addition to the frequent references to nature, certain animals have symbolic weight in Their Eyes Were Watching God. The animal with the greatest symbolic charge in this novel is the mule. Mentioned frequently throughout â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God†, the mule obviously represents the carrier of heavy loads and burdens, but it can also, and does, represent stubborn resistance. The mule serves to illustrate the strained relationship between Janie and Joe Starks. The figure of the mule can also refer not only to Janie herself but to any black woman struggling for independence. Janie identifies with the mule, which remains stubbornly independent despite its masters efforts to beat it down. Ironically,†¦show more content†¦The end of the third marriages wraps up the experiences of Janie (Lester 76). She returns home to a very anxious neighborhood. She relies on Pheoby to tell her story. I find the book to be very constructive in its presentation of the themes and styles. Essentially, the author manages to provide several subjects to the reader through Janie’s experiences (McMahand 70). I tend to believe that the experiences of Janie are synonymous with those of many other people especially women of African American descent. So, the book perfectly epitomizes the quest for fulfillment and the inherent price towards the achievement of such an endeavor. The book is written in a very distinctive manner (Collins 36). The use of language is most significant. Actually, the author uses African American ascent of English. Perhaps this is to exemplify the setting of his plot. Basically, the book has been criticized for employing African American English in language. Subsequently, the book has been written in a reflective manner. In fact the experiences of Janie fully epitomize the personal experiences of the author. The protagonist is a refection of the author. The book has also been written in a flashback method through Janie’s close friend. This is also an attribute that is worth to note (Minds 76). Fundamentally, the book has a unique style of presentation. And theShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Zora Neale Hurston 1210 Words   |  5 Pages9:00 Zora Neale Hurston Zora Neale Hurston was born on January 7, 1891 in Alabama. She is known to be one of the most influential novelist of the twentieth century in African America literature. Hurston is described to be a very opinionated woman that stood for what she believed in; which reflected in some of her works. In addition to her many titles such as, being an anthropologist and short story writer, she was closely related and heavily focused on the Harlem Renaissance. Zora Neale Hurston andRead More Zora Neale Hurston Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Zora Neale Hurston was a phenomenal woman. At the height of her success she was known as the â€Å"Queen of the Harlem Renaissance.† She came to overcome obstacles that were placed in front of her. Hurston rose from poverty to fame and lost it all at the time of her death. Zora had an unusual life; she was a child that was forced to grow up to fast. But despite Zora Neale Hurston’s unsettled life, she managed to sur mount every obstacle to become one of the most profound authorsRead More`` Sweat `` By Zora Neale Hurston Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagescommitment takes a wrong turn and the relationship begins to consist of abuse? Sweat by Zora Neale Hurston takes a look into the secrecies and struggles of marriage, especially in the mid-1920s when marriage had somewhat different meaning than it does today. Within this short story, the problems of marriage are demonstrated through symbolism, imagery and the language and dialect that is used. Sweat by Zora Neale Hurston was written in 1926. During the 1920’s, the prohibition had just been put into effectRead MoreZora Neale Hurston Essay1992 Words   |  8 Pages#9;Zora Neale Hurston was an astounding Afro-American author who was recognized not for being the first Afro-American writer, but rather for her ability to bring forth her cultural language and imagery. If not for Zoras pioneering effort as a female black writer, the world of modern literature would have never seen the cultural insights of the African American culture in such a candid way. #9;Zoras date of birth is said to be in January of 1891, however her actual date of birth is debated todayRead MoreSweat By Zora Neale Hurston Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesIn her short story â€Å"Sweat†, Zora Neale Hurston details the troubled lives of a married African American couple in the deep south. Born and raised in Florida herself, Huston had an excellent perspective on the culture of that time and area. She no doubt saw the situations and heard the strong dialect that she presents in the short story, in which Sykes constantly beats and demeans his wife Delia, who keeps her retorts minimal as to not provoke him further. Sykes is openly dating another woman,Read MoreEssay on Zora Neale Hurston606 Words   |  3 PagesOn January 7, 1891, Zora Neale Hurston was born in the tiny town of Notasulga, Alabama. She was the fifth of eight children in the Hurston household. Her father John was a carpenter, sharecropper, and a Baptist preacher; and her mother Lucy, a form er schoolteacher. Within a year of Zoras birth, the family moved to Eatonville, Florida; a town, which held historical significance as the first, incorporated Black municipality in the United States. In 1904, thirteen-year-old Zora was devastated by theRead MoreSweat, by Zora Neale Hurston773 Words   |  4 PagesZora Neale Hurston’s â€Å"Sweat† is a distressing tale of human struggle as it relates to women. The story commences with a hardworking black washwoman named Delia contently and peacefully folds laundry in her quiet home. Her placidity doesn’t last long when her abusive husband, Sykes, emerges just in time to put her back in her ill-treated place. Delia has been taken by this abuse for some fifteen years. She has lived with relentless beatings, adultery, even six-foot long venomous snakes put in placesRead MoreZora Neale Hurston Essay1890 Words   |  8 Pagessuch as Langston Hughes, Wallace Thurman as well as Zora Neale Hurston; one of the most infamous and revolutionary authors the Harlem Renaissance would produce. Understanding the ideals and themes of Zora Neale Hurston comes with an understanding of the upbringing and childhood she had. Born on the seventh of January 1981 in Notasluga, Alabama, Zora Neale Huston was the fifth of eight children by John Hurston and Lucy Ann Potts. John Hurston was a sharecropper, carpenter and Baptist preacher whileRead MoreSweat By Zora Neale Hurston946 Words   |  4 PagesThe story â€Å"Sweat† by Zora Neale Hurston focuses on the marriage life of Delia Jones and her husband Sykes. Hurston is known as famous American writer, she writes on real life stories as it was during the years when she wrote the stories. The story is about Delia Jones, a hardworking and religious woman who mistakenly marries Sykes and has been living in a strained marriage life from fifteen years. Although they have been married for fifteen year, the relationship has been abusive. Sykes is an abusiveRead MoreSweat, By Zora Neale Hurston1776 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Sweat ,† a short story written by Zora Neale Hurston depicts the story of Delia, a washerwoman who is physically and mentally abused by her husband, Sykes. As Hurston explains, Delia is a strong, hardworking, calm, brave, and understanding woman who is able to stand with her head held high even through all the troubles she endures. In contrast, Sykes is abusive, a coward, troubleshooter and a man who depends on his wife to provide for him. He even has the indecency to use Delia’s money to pay for

Nightmare in the city Free Essays

It was a cold dark night in metropolis, a large city just outside of New York, USA. The year is 2199 and the dawning of a new centuary is apon us with great delight to most of the million citizens or so that live here. But in the ranks we were more worried about the mass killings that strangely occur this time every hundred years. We will write a custom essay sample on Nightmare in the city or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am an underground detective that investigates for the police â€Å"The names Brody, Detective Brody,† I said to the new Detective sergeant of the NYPD. â€Å"It’s good to meet ya, Kid,† the new sergeant growled at me through the thick black smoke of his cigar. My first impressions of the character were one of trust and one of dress sense, which in both cases he had none of. I left the police station at about 10.30pm and took a back alleyway back to my apartment on 7th and 4th street when I noticed that every street lamp went out the moment I walked past, it went out â€Å"funny,† I say to myself aloud and carry on walking by the lights which still went out every time I walked past them. I had only experienced this once before in my lifetime but I was as usual under the influence of my favourite tipple at the time, Thankfully today I was sober. Then suddenly I heard a cry, a loud screeching noise a few hundred metres away dead ahead of me, I knew this alleyway well I used it every day. There was no way anyone could be attacked down this alleyway, but then again the excitement of the next few hours as the clock strikes twelve made me very apprehensive, so I ran down the alleyway to find out what had happened. I ran for about two minutes then I tripped over a large object on the floor I looked around and I found a woman on the floor unconscious and bleeding heavily so I instantly called an ambulance to help come and pick her up. Buy the time they arrived she was dead. No one knew who was there on site could understand her cause of death, No impact wounds on the head or body which could have caused the blood, No gunshot on her body, nothing. This got me even more worried. I got home about two hours later, the shock of seeing someone in that condition made me sick. Who or what as the case could be did this to such an innocent person. When I got into my bedroom I fell onto my bed and slept, as I was not in the party mood after this little fiasco. I woke up several times in the night as the partying kept me awake for hours at a time then before I knew it my alarm woke me up at about 7.30am before I got dressed I wrote a list of what I could do to help the poor ladies family. I finished my list had a wash and got changed I then sat down for breakfast I sat watching the holoscreen to see if the killings of last night had been better or worse than last time. The reporter informed me that the killings were ten times as bad as last time and that you should avoid going out at all costs. Unfortunately my time had come to leave the warm comfort of my home and headed downtown to my office on 12th and 9th. I left my apartment with caution, as you don’t quite know what is going to happen at this time of year. As I left the tatty main door to the block I saw all of the wonderful displays that all of the children had made for the city up in flames. They looked like old torn clothes rather than wonderful display of affection to the community. It looked like a scene from an old space movie where only the star was left after they destroyed the planet. The city even had the red glow of the fires that were here and their, as the fire robots tried to extinguish them How to cite Nightmare in the city, Papers

Organizations Increasingly Face a Complex, Fast Changing and Volatile Environment

Introduction Organizations increasingly face a complex, fast changing and volatile environment. This situation demands a rethink of how management and leadership are exercised in organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizations Increasingly Face a Complex, Fast Changing and Volatile Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the subsequent sub-sections this essay will explore the issue of complexities that organizations face in the current business environment. It will also provide an analysis of why the traditional approaches of management and leadership prove ineffective in addressing this complexity. The Complexity That Organization Face Today Workforce unavailability The global economy is facing a significant workforce shortage. This is due to inadequate supply of workers with skills needed to perform the jobs being added in the market by organizations. Nowadays, there are routine reports of companies and industries facing shortages of qualified and experienced workers. Organizations that are mostly facing these complex problems are those dealing in specialized information systems, medicine and pharmaceuticals, construction industries among others. Workforce quality deficit Many organizations are in need of well educated staff in the current years. The number of jobs that require advanced knowledge and skills is growing at a faster rate than that with which the training institutions are churning the students out in the field. There is a growing gap between the knowledge and skills required by organizations and those possessed by employees and applicants. This poses a big challenge to managers in many organizations as they experience difficulties in obtaining well educated and trained workers. For instance, in the U.S, which is the world’s largest economy, it is estimated that about half of the workforce (totaling to about 50 million workers) need or will need enh anced workplace training to adapt to the myriad jobs and technological changes that are occurring in the global economy. China, the second largest economy is no better; it is a pointer of the glaring danger facing organizations across the world. When an organization is faced with this problem, it is susceptible to produce goods and services of low quality which might not go well with the expectations of the customers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Growth in contingent workforce Contingent workers represent a group of workers who are either on short-term employment, on contract, leased, or part timers. In the past, this group was used to cater for the deficit created by workers on maternity leave, vacation relief or during workload peak. However, this has changed drastically with contingent workforce representing a significant percentage of the global workforce. In U.S for instance, they form around 20% of the entire workforce. Many employers have been forced to operate with a core group of regular workers with crucial skills and then fill the rest of the workforce through contracts (Coveney and Highfield, 1995). The overreliance on contingency workforce is a complex issue for the organizations since this is a group that promises no future in the company as they can move out any time. The group owes less royalty to the organization as opposed to permanent and salaried employees. Globalization as external force that drives increased organizational complexity Globalization is the increased mobility of goods, sources of labor, technology and capital all over the world (Furness, et.al, 2003). This new phenomenon has been occurring for many years but it has accelerated over the past few decades. Globalization has come with many advantages as well as disadvantages which have had a major impact on the complexity of organizations (Lee Hecht Harrison, 2009). F or instance, globalization opens up a number of new possibilities, both as a way of executing functions and increasing decisions made in the management of organizations. This implies that, the environmental demands on the organizations will increase, rendering them susceptible to making wrong decisions, or in other words taking the wrong possibilities. The complexity arises when globalization presents many possibilities both right and wrong, hence, the organizations have an uphill task of sieving thoroughly to get the right and most suitable possibilities for them (Choi, 1993). A case example is when a company wants to expand beyond its mother country. The move confers many benefits, but apparently, it presents the organizations with multiple decisions which need to be made regarding construction, establishing new supply chains, dealing with cultural issues of workers and stakeholders in the host country, while at the same time having to grapple with many regulations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizations Increasingly Face a Complex, Fast Changing and Volatile Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More New technology- proves complex for the organization The advent of new technology has brought with it both advantages and disadvantages. In the modern business world, organizations are more networked and less hierarchical unlike in the past. This is a pointer of more complicated work environments. Technology has been attributed to a byproduct of complexity, namely, less hierarchical organizations (Furness, et.al, 2003). According to Hinds and Kiesler (1995), the growth of technical work and horizontal organizational structure of technical workers increase collaboration and non-hierarchical communication within the organization. The authors go on to maintain that, this collaboration and sharing of information means that workers in the organization communicate whenever and in whatever means they need, to solve their problems (2003). This is a tricky position for organizations as this uncontrolled communication may result in decisions that are not in line with the organization’s strategic plan. The growth of Information technology is good news for many organizations. Communication and operations within the organizations have been greatly enhanced with the invention of computers and web services (Malone and Rockart, 1991). However, there is a big challenge posed to organizations by attacks on computer and network systems by attackers. The attacks which are in the form of hackers, viruses and worms, result in denial of services to the organizations. Organizations have to operate under the fear of their systems being hacked by rivals to filch and/or even obliterate their confidential information. Terrorist and criminal networks and cyber attacks have become a greater security concern for many organizations which have to come up with better measures of prevent ing their occurrence (Diamond, n.d.). Interdependence within the global business environment In the current business environment, organizations have to manage the effect of global interdependence to an exceptional degree (Amann, et al., 2007). The global effects of interdependence mean that everything is related to everything else. The impact of this interdependence is felt more rapidly and pervasively by companies (Diamond, n.d.).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As the world becomes more interlinked by human activities, the problems for organizations become more complex. The environmental and social predicament being experienced nowadays is as a result of a number of changes in the globe. Some of these include the high levels of environmental degradation, food insecurity, climate change, global recessions, human resources shortage among others (Allen, et al., 2009) The traditional value chains which were much simpler have been replaced completely by modern value chains which are much complex for the organizations (Furness, et al., 2003). This means that financial flows, value chains, reputation of the company, top management and corporate governance have reached greater levels of interdependence (Maltz and Witt, n.d.). This interdependence has created many opportunities for organizations, but has on the other hand increased the number of challenges for the organizations (Amann, et al., 2007). Diversity Modern organizations are faced with a complex set of challenges which are characterized by multiplicity both inside and outside the organizations. Inside the organization, top level management must have to manage and respond to more sundry human resource issues, variety in the systems of management, various business models, different cultural values for customers and workers, superfluity of stakeholders with various expectations, political, economic and environmental regulations, and stiff competition from business rivals (Amann, et al., 2007, LHH, 2009). The complexity arises out of managing all these diversities which face the organizations at the same time. Ambiguity The business world in the modern world is experiencing too much flow of information which is difficult to construe and relate in real life situations. For instance, a diversity of an accounting standard makes the financial figures more confusing. Various studies, surveys, reports and researches conducted for organizations have become unreliable due to th em not being clear. This means that organizations are left with the option of multiple interpretational which overwhelms the traditional decision making methods. Ambiguity combined with interdependence and diversity provides the building blocks of managerial complexity giving the modern organizations the reputation of being the most complex organization in the history of global business (Amann, et al., 2007). Rapidly Changing Business Environment The global business environment is dynamic, which means that organizations are faced with new challenges and opportunities every now and then (LHH, 2009). These challenges arise out of global economic recessions, political issues, and industrial relations. Both the workplace and the workforce are a shifting landscape, a scenario coupled by globalization, regulation and new technologies which increase the complexity of running organizations. Leadership behaviors, attitude, skills and strategies that worked yesterday and today may not necessa rily work in the future (Amann, et al., 2007). Reasons As To Why Traditional Management And Leadership May Not Be Sufficient To Deal With Complexity Traditional management and leadership are often compared to theory X which was advanced by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book of titled ‘The Human Side of Enterprise’. The style of management involves a lot of directive and authoritative form of leadership. This has rendered the approach less effective in solving the complexity challenge that faces modern organizations. Limited Motivation Potential Motivation of employees is a key factor that contributes to the overall output of any given organization that seeks to overcome the challenge of complexity. However, traditional management and leadership rely on lower order motivational tools. Managers using this mode of management tend to lack the knack to inspire their personnel. They make a visor supposition that a sensible pay and benefits are the best incentive tools that can be employed on the workers (eHow, n.d.). They have little space for motivation tools such as training, commend on hard working staff, productive comment, entrustment, and collaboration between them and the workers. Restricted communication Traditional management and leadership is characterized by a clear separation between the management and the employee levels within the organization. The system of communication between these two tiers is rather complex making it hard for the management to solve the complexities facing the organizations. The approach discourages open communication which allows employees to offer feedback about their experiences in the workplace, a move which help in addressing the issue of complexity. Restricts creativity and innovation Traditional style of management conflicts with creativity of employees. It is based on an ordered place of work where employees are held by stringent standards of professionalism and performance. Organizations which deal with creat ivity such as advertising firms and art and design firms, find it hard to cope with using this style of leadership. One of the complexities facing contemporary organization has been the issue of uncertainty. There is a dire need for employees of an organization to come up with inventive ways of handling this ambiguity in their places of work. Managing complexity by the traditional method of management and leadership which applies the techniques of command and control are likely to repress the much needed creativity and innovation. Hence, traditional leadership is not suitable for this task. At the same time, the advent of new technologies in the business world has resulted in lots of complexities both in the systems of operations, as well as in the threats posed by cyber attacks. To be better placed to compete in the modern economic environment, organizations need to become more adaptive to the changes. This entails being in a position to respond with speed, to the dynamic demands o f the customers and other stakeholders. The business environment is complex as it is characterized by countless interactions among the various agents-employees, suppliers, customers and competitors. The only option out of this complexity is adoption of appropriate technology which means that, companies have to be creative enough to embrace the relevant technology, while laying strategies to control against the limitations of technology (Hawkings, 2000). In order to achieve this, organizations are required to up their creativity on how to address this issue, which renders traditional management ineffective in providing solutions. Inefficiency of strategic Approach Traditional management and leadership approaches lay much emphasis on strategic planning as one of the best way of solving complexity in organizations. However, it has come to be established that strategic plans often fail to solve the emerging challenge of complexity in organizations (Mintzberg, 1994). The writer holds tha t strategic planning fails to solve the complexity brought about the many management issues facing leaders in organizations due to the partial nature of approaches to strategic management. According to Gregory (2007), strategic management involves decision making on an organization’s objectives together with the formulation and implementation of plans, most notably on the allocation of resources, to support their achievements. This makes strategic management a dynamic and complex process which involves a lot of consideration of internal and external factors, and the long and short term factors. Traditional approach of management and leadership relies on this aspect of management in running organizations. The system itself is complex, hence, not an effective way of reducing the complexities that face modern organizations. From a systems perspective, these approaches represent a partial approach to management that neglects the complex, embedded and dynamic nature of modern orga nizations (Gregory, 2007). Restricts employees empowerment Another reason why traditional management is not in a position to address the issue of complexity in modern organizations is, because of its nature whereby, it restricts the empowerment of employees. Organizations have come to realize that the employee is the greatest asset that they have in solving the complexities and assisting them in achieving the business goals. In order to realize this, there is need to involve the workers in decision making, a move which makes them develop a sense of ownership and belonging in their places of work. Traditional management approach contradicts the aspect of employee empowerment as it centers on the premise that employees lacks the ambition, they do not love to work, and cannot make intelligent business decisions (eHow, n.d.). In the midst of current global recessions, many organizations are experiencing financial crisis that makes them adopt some stringent measures. For instance, in emp loying traditional method of management, it is recommended that companies downsize as a way of adjusting their structures as a way of making them fitter and more effective. However, this approach results in a wave of complex problems such as employee insecurity, loss of expert knowledge, and industrial unrests as workers protest against downsizing. Such an approach proves ineffective as it has negative immediate social costs, loss of experience and valuable skills (McMillan, n.d.). The result of this approach is to outsource as well as use of contingent workforce to cater for the employee deficit, which does little to address the human resource complexity discussed earlier in the essay. Conclusion In conclusion organizations are faced with complex processes that offer a big challenge especially when using traditional methods of management. This in essence means that, in order to effectively address the issue of complexity in modern organizations, there is need for a paradigm shift f rom the traditional methods of management to modern management techniques. References Amann, W., Maznevski, M., and Steger, U. (2007) Perspectives for Managers. Lausanne: IMD International. Choi, Y. (1993) Paradigms and Conventions: Uncertainty, Decision making, and Entrepreneurship. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. Coveney, P., and Highfield, R. (1995) Frontiers of Complexity. New York, Fawcett Columbine. Diamond, L. ( n.d.) Twelve Simple Rules of Systems Thinking for Complex Global Issues. Hull, University of Hull. EHow. ( n.d.) The Disadvantages of Traditional Management Web. Available at:Â  https://www.ehow.com/ . Furness, C. (2003) Complex Social Systems: Rising Complexity in Business Environments: An Exploratory Discussion, New England, Complex Systems Institute. Gregory, A. (2007) A Systems Approach to Strategic Management. Hull, University of Hull. Hawkings, S. (2000) Managing Complexity, The Decision Makers Direct Web. Web. Hinds, P., and Kiesler, S. (199 5) Communication across Boundaries: Work, Structure, and Use of Communication Technologies in a Large Organization. Organizational Science, 6 (4), pp. 373-393. Lee Hecht Harrison (LHH). (2009) Developing Leaders in Challenging Times for Competitive Advantage Tomorrow Web. Available at:Â  https://www.lhh.com/ . Levy, D. (1994) Chaos theory and strategy: Theory, application and managerial implications. Strategic Management Journal, 15, pp. 167-178. Malone, T., Rockart, J. (1991) Computers, Networks, and Corporations. Scientific American, 263, pp. 128-137. Maltz, M., and Witt, K. (n.d.) The Complexity of Leadership-The Complexity of the Organizational Self. New York, Triad Consulting Group. McMillan, E. ( n.d,) Considering Organization Structure and design from a Complexity Paradigm Perspective. Milton Keynes, Open University. Mintzberg, H. (1994) The Rise and fall of Strategic Planning. New York, Prentice hall. This essay on Organizations Increasingly Face a Complex, Fast Changing and Volatile Environment was written and submitted by user Raven O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Filling Vacancies in the US Senate

Filling Vacancies in the US Senate Senate seats become vacant for a variety of reasons the Senator dies in office, resigns in disgrace or resigns to assume another position, usually an elected or appointed government position.What happens when a Senator dies in office or resigns? How is the replacement handled?Procedures for electing Senators are outlined in Article I, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, as later amended by paragraph 2 of the Seventeenth (17th) Amendment. Ratified in 1913, the 17th Amendment not only changed how Senators are to be elected (direct election by popular vote) but it also outlined how Senate vacancies are to be filled: When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. What Does This Mean in Practice? The U.S. Constitution grants the state legislatures the power to determine how U.S. Senators are to be replaced, including empowering the chief executive (the governor) to make these appointments.Some states require a special election to fill a vacancy. A few states require the governor to appoint a replacement of the same political party as the previous incumbent. Typically, a replacement holds office until the next scheduled statewide election.From the Congressional Research Service: Prevailing practice is for state governors to fill Senate vacancies by appointment, with the appointee serving until a special election has been held, at which time the appointment expires immediately. In the event a seat becomes vacant between the time of a general election and the expiration of the term, however, the appointee usually serves the balance of the term, until the next regularly scheduled general election. This practice originated with the constitutional provision that applied prior to the popular election of senators, under which governors were directed to make temporary appointments when state legislatures were in recess. It was intended to ensure continuity in a state’s Senate representation during the lengthy intervals between state legislative sessions. Exceptions or Where Governors Do Not Have Unlimited Powers: Alaska, Oregon, and Wisconsin do not allow the governor to make interim appointments; state laws require a special election to fill any Senate vacancy. Oklahoma also requires that Senate vacancies be filled by special elections, with an exception. If the vacancy occurs after March 1 of any even-numbered year and the term expires the following year, no special election is held; rather, the governor is required to appoint the candidate elected in the regular general election to fill the unexpired term. Arizona and Hawaii require the governor to fill Senate vacancies with a person affiliated with the same political party as the previous incumbent. Utah and Wyoming require the governor to select an interim senator from a list of three candidates proposed by the state central committee of the political party with which the previous incumbent was affiliated. In the event of a Senator’s death, his or her staff continue to be compensated for a period not exceeding 60 days (unless the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration determines that more time is needed to complete the closing of the office), performing duties under the direction of the Secretary of the Senate.

Pros and Cons of the Common Core State Standards

Pros and Cons of the Common Core State Standards The full implementation of the Common Core State Standards has come and gone. The true impact that they have on schools and education as a whole may still not be known for several years. One thing that is for sure is this shift to a national set of standards has been revolutionary and highly controversial. They have been highly debated and well discussed with a handful of states once committed to the standards having eventually recanted to go a different direction. As the media continues to evaluate the significance of the Common Core and data from Common Core states begin to pour in, you can bet the debate will rage on. Here, we examine several of the pros and cons of the Common Core Standards that will continue to lead the debate. PROS The Common Core State Standards are internationally benchmarked. This means that our standards will compare favorably to standards of other countries. This is positive in that the United States has dropped considerably in educational rankings over the last few decades. By having standards that are internationally benchmarked that ranking could begin to improve.The Common Core State Standards has allowed states to compare standardized test scores accurately. Up until the Common Core Standards, each state had their own set of standards and assessments. This has made it exceedingly difficult to compare one states results accurately with another state’s results. This is no longer the case with like standards and assessments for Common Core states who share the same assessments.The Common Core State Standards has decreased the costs states pay for test development, scoring, and reporting. This is because each state will no longer have to pay to have their unique tests to be develop ed. Each of the states that share the same standards can develop a like test to meet their needs and split costs. Currently, there are two majors Common Core-related testing consortia. Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium is made up of fifteen states and PARCC consists of nine states. The Common Core Standards has increased the rigor in some classrooms and may better prepare students for college and global work success. This is probably the single biggest reason that the Common Core Standards were created. Higher education has long complained that more and more students need remediation at the beginning of college. The increased rigor should lead students to be more prepared for life after high school.The Common Core State Standards arguably has lead to the development of higher level thinking skills in our students. Students today often are tested on one skill at a time. The Common Core assessment will cover several skills within each question. This will ultimately lead to better problem-solving skills and increased reasoning.The Common Core State Standards assessments have given teachers a tool to monitor students’ progress throughout the year. The assessments will have optional pre-test and progress monitoring tools that teachers can use to find out what a student knows, where they are going, and to figure out a plan to get them where they need to be. This gives teachers an avenue to compare an individual student’s progress instead of one student against another. The Common Core State Standards assessments have been more authentic to a child’s learning experience. We will be able to see what all a student has learned across all curricula through the multi-assessment model. Students will no longer simply be allowed to come up with the right answer. Often times they must give an answer, state how they arrived at that conclusion, and defend it.The Common Core State Standards can benefit students with high mobility when they move from one Common Core state into another. States will now share the same set of standards. Students in Arkansas should be learning the same thing as a student in New York. This will benefit students whose families move continuously.The Common Core State Standards has given students stability thus allowing them to understand what is expected of them. This is important in that if a student understands what, and why they are learning something, there becomes a greater sense of purpose behind learning it.The Common Cor e State Standards has in many ways enhanced teacher collaboration and professional development. Teachers across the nation have been teaching the same curriculum. This allows teachers in opposite corners of the nation to share their best practices with each other and apply it. It also provides the opportunity for meaningful professional development as the education community is all on the same page. Finally, the standards have sparked a meaningful, nationwide conversation about the state of education in general. CONS The Common Core State Standards has been a tremendously difficult adjustment for students and teachers. It has been a difficult transition. It was not the way many teachers were used to teaching and not the way that many students were used to learning. There have not been instant results but instead, has been a slow process with many almost refusing to get on board.The Common Core State Standards has caused many outstanding teachers and administrators to pursue other career options. Many veteran teachers have retired rather than adjust the way they teach. The stress of getting their students to perform will likely continue to cause more teacher and administrator burnout.The Common Core State Standards are vague and broad. The standards are not particularly specific, but many states have been able to deconstruct or unwrap the standards making them more teacher friendly.The Common Core State Standards has forced younger students to learn more at a quicker pace than they ever have befor e. With the increased rigor and higher level thinking skills, early childhood programs have become more rigid. Pre-Kindergarten has become more important, and skills students used to learn in second grade are being taught in Kindergarten. The Common Core State Standards assessment does not have an equivalency test for students with special needs. Many states provide students with special needs a modified version of the test. There is no modified test for the Common Core Standards, meaning that 100% of a school’s population has their results reported for accountability purposes.The Common Core State Standards could be watered down when compared to a few states who had previously developed and adopted rigorous standards. The Common Core Standards were designed as a middle ground of the current state standards meaning that while many states’ standards were raised, there were some whose rigor decreased.The Common Core State Standards caused many textbooks to become obsolete. This was a pricey fix as many schools had to develop or purchase new curricula and materials that were aligned to the Common Core.The Common Core State Standards costs schools a lot of money to update the technology needed for the Common Core Standards Assessments. Most of the assessments are online. This created many issues for districts who had to purchase enough computers for all students to be assessed in a timely manner. The Common Core State Standards has led to an increased value on standardized test performance. High stakes testing is already a trending issue, and now that states are able to compare their performances against another accurately, the stakes have only become higher.The Common Core State Standards currently only have skills associated with English-Language Arts (ELA) and Mathematics. There is currently no science, social studies, or art/music Common Core Standards. This leaves it up to individual states to have to develop their own set of standards and assessments for these topics.

Advanced Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advanced Financial Management - Essay Example Implementation in the efficiency in a market proves that it is unable for any investor to beat the market consistently by using a common investment strategy. â€Å"The efficient market hypothesis is associated with the idea of a â€Å"random walk,† which is a term loosely used in the finance literature to characterize a price series where all subsequent price changes represent random departures from previous prices.† 3 But even very rarely efficient markets carry a negative implication for the investment strategy. An efficient market does not imply that the stock price cannot move away from the true value. Some times in the efficient market the expected return from investment will be consistent with the risk factor. Errors in valuation creates problems in efficient market. An efficient market is described as â€Å"Informationally Efficient†, because the investors can get all the necessary information that reflects within the market like political, economical and social. â€Å"The paradox of efficient markets is that if every investor believed a market was efficient, then the market would not be efficient because no one would analyze securities.† 4 As per behavioral decision theory of Kehneman and Tversky investors decisions are subject to the change of optimism and pessimism. These behavioral changes are reflecting their investment decision. Some investors are over confident they are able to forecast future stock price. 5 Share prices are reflected all information about the market so the investors are able to expect their returns and they can easily take decision about their investments. Market may needs to exist where the investors are unable to earn excess return over a long period. In order to maintain the market in a steadily manner it is essential to undertake the legal barriers about the publication of privatized information. In a weak form of market the prevailing share prices are

Next Plc of UK Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Next Plc of UK - Case Study Example "A competitive advantage is an advantage over competitors gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies higher prices." (Strategy - Competitive Advantage: Competitive Advantage - Definition. 2008). This has high relevance in the context of the increased competition the company is facing from newly industrialized nations like India, China, Taiwan and Vietnam. The report is also intended to provide required recommendations for Next to solve the issues faced by it in the present market. Next Plc is a retail cloth major that is headquartered in England. The company belongs to the clothing market of UK, which is the second biggest textile and clothing market in European Union. The major share of clothing market in UK accounts for the apparels for women, girls and children. "Womenswear is the largest sector within the market in general, clothing for women and children is worth double the market for men and boyswear." (Clothing Retailers Market Assessment: Largest Sector. 2000). Considering the higher boom in the industry the clothing retailers are at a higher growth pace in the market. The clothing market of UK can be split into everyday wear, high street fashion and top end ready to wear. The market players include right mix of departmental stores and fashion retailers. The major player in the industry is Marks and Spencer whose market share is 15% of the overall market. The most influencing governmental regulation for the industry has been the minimum wage. Due to t his regulation that added more on the costing structure, many companies had moved out of UK. The company that is been mentioned in the assignment is Next Plc which is one of the leading cloth retailer in UK. The company was formed in the year 1982 as a new meaning for the fashion industry. "Next plc designs, manufactures, and distributes clothing and home furnishing and accessory items to nearly 330 Next retail stores and through the company's Next Directory mail order sales catalog." (Next Plc: Company Perspectives: Company History. 2008). The company was able to capture a good share of market in a short period of time with their good branding and marketing strategies. The products of Next are characterized by style, quality and value for money. Currently Next has 460 stores in UK and over 100 franchisees outside the country. The company gives higher priority for customer service as a strategy to capture more and more market. Based on the analysis of Next on the basis of Porter's Five Force model, three areas of concern can be identified for the company. The three areas of concern for the company are market penetration, consolidation and product and market development. Market penetration is a cause of concern for the company especially in the present situation of increased competition. The threat of new entrants is higher in the case of cloth industry. And also the increased bargaining power of buyers will contribute to the competition. The strategy to be adopted by the company is increased product promotion. The product range of the company can also be improved on the

James Meredith and the University of Mississippi’s Integration Essay

James Meredith and the University of Mississippi’s Integration When a person presently looks at university school systems, one never imagines the struggle to obtain such diverse campuses. With Caucasians, Asians, Latinos, and African Americans all willing and able to attend any institution, it is difficult now to envision a world where, because of one’s skin color, a person is denied university acceptance. In actuality, this world existed only fifty years ago. In a time of extreme racial discrimination, African Americans fought and struggled toward one of many goals: to integrate schools. As a pioneer in the South, a man named James Meredith took a courageous step by applying to the University of Mississippi, an all white university. After overcoming many legal and social obstacles, the University of Mississippi’s integration sent positive effects rippling among universities across the nation. As a native Mississippian, James Meredith honestly lived and worked all of his life. After serving nine years in the United States Air Force, Meredith wholeheartedly absorbed John F. Kennedy’s ideals on â€Å"civil rights† and decided to apply to the University of Mississippi (Howard 1060). Upon applying, Meredith knew that if accepted, he would be the first African American student to attend the University of Mississippi. Deep in the heart of the South, the state of Mississippi prided itself on its all white campuses and resistence toward integration. Little did they know that James Meredith, an uprising civil rights activist, would pull a racial chord in the university that would change it for lifetimes to come. From past observations, acceptance into â€Å"Ole Miss† appeared impossible for an African American. With â€Å"[f]our known... ...Sept. 1962: 1. Buckley, Thomas. â€Å"Tear Gas and Sticks Repel Wild Student Charges.† New York Times 1 Oct. 1962: 23. Cohodas, Nadine. â€Å"James Meredith and the Integration of Ole Miss.† The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 16 (Summer, 1997): 112-22. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1077-3711%28199722%290%3A16%3C112%3AJMATIO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W Howard, William L.. â€Å"Meredith, James Howard.† The African American Encyclopedia. 1993. â€Å"Meredith’s Fight for Admission to University Spans 16 Months.† New York Times 1 Oct. 1962: 25. â€Å"Mississippi Rejoins the Union.† New York Times 1 Oct 1962: 30. Sitton, Claude. â€Å"Negro At Mississippi U. As Barnett Yields; 3 Dead In Campus Riot, 6 Marshals Shot; Guardsmen Move In; Kennedy Makes Plea.† New York Times 1 Oct. 1962: 1. Smith, Hendrick. â€Å"Johnson Is Fined.† New York Times 30 Sept. 1962: 1.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Traditionally, the drugs were marketed towards the doctors and there was a limit to the direct to consumer marketing. This was because of the fact that television advertising for such products was highly expensive. The expensiveness of these television commercials was due to the regulations of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Prior to 1997, all direct-to-consumer advertisements that contained a medical claim and brand name had to have a brief summary of drugs effectiveness, side effects and contraindications.But in the August of 1997, Food and Drug Administration allowed the advertising of drugs without a brief summary, though a major statement still had to be added, which had to educate the consumer about the major risk and refer him to other sources for detailed information. They were number of departures from the requirements under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, which had prohibited the use of print and television media for advertising prescription drugs. This ch ange in the regulation brought about a change in the promotional activities of the drugs manufacturing companies.There was an increase in the advertising expenses of these pharmaceutical companies from a mere US $ 800 in 1997 to about US $29. 8 billion in 2007. The supporters of the direct-to-consumer advertising emphasis that, such promotions help the consumer in understanding the symptoms of many under-diagnosed diseases. While the opponents of the same believe that such advertising would mislead patient towards demanding heavily promoted drugs, leading to inappropriate drug usage and unnecessary purchase of comparatively expensive products.The advertising being used today has a lot of influence on the consumer, but does this advertising actually help the consumer or does it mislead them to a disaster. Mr. Brain Storm, professor and chair of biostatistics, epidemiology, and medicine at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, has termed Direct-to-Consumer marketing as â €Å"a disaster†. He while addressing the issue said that the public should not be given such kind of information as the drugs are difficult for the patients to understand.Further he added that dosing is even a harder job and finally, the assessment of a disease is best done by a doctor. He assured that the patients were not at all qualified to make an assessment of what drug they need. And so the information leads to no benefits for the patients but a lot of harm. Over the years many drugs have only been available for the consumers on the prescription of a medical consultant only, the reason behind such a restriction was that all the drugs that have the ability to heal, could also be harmful.The doctors, nurses and other health professionals get trained and have the experience to help them decide whether drugs are suited for a particular patient or not. And so they carry all the authority to take the decision for the prescription of a drug to any patient. Advertising of such prescription drugs has increased the pressure on the doctors and other health professionals to recommend particular medications which are often more expensive and dangerous yet less effective.This is an intrusion in the relationship between a doctor and patient, and so would disturb the therapeutic process. Further the doctor now has to give the patient reasons why certain advertisement could have misled him into the use of the drug, or why could the patient use a certain prescription under the circumstances. Studies have shown that Direct-to-Consumer-Advertising information does not provide patients the complete information, rather the information provided is biased â€Å"education.†It has been observed, according to (Woloshin S, Schwartz LM, Tremmel J, et al: Direct-to-consumer advertisements for prescription drugs: What are Americans being sold? ) that 87 percent of television advertisements presented the potential benefits of medications in vague, qualitative terms that w ere not backed by scientific data. A massive campaign was launched by Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America in the summer of 2006, the campaign was targeted to the insomniacs and suggested that the drug Rozerem, could reunite them with the dreams that were waiting for them.This campaign was joined in with other campaigns, all targeted to the consumers directly. Today, a typical American television viewer has to watch around 16 hours of such directly targeted advertisements in a year (Frosch et al, 2007). The consumer groups such as US Public Interest Research Group want the Food and Drug Administration to act bit more responsibly, so that consumers cannot be harmed through misled ads. The direct-to-consumer advertisements have been a new entrance to the world of advertising.This is a major reason for the lack of trust in such commercials. The case of the drug Vioxx could be taken as one of the stories which support the argument. Merck introduced an anti-inflammatory drug by the name Vioxx, the drug became a blockbuster drug with the sales exceeding US $ 1 billion. All this occurred due to the television commercials targeted towards the consumers. Later, it was known that the drug had increased the number of patients with strokes, heart attacks and so the drug was removed from the market (Donohue et al, 2007).Although the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America have made guidelines for the DTCA (direct-to-consumer-advertising), yet it has been observed that critics such as AIDS Healthcare Foundation argue that the self regulation has not been functioning well and the companies continue to start advertising for the product with the one year of the approval from FDA (AIDS Health Foundation 2007). According to a study conducted in Baltimore, the 46% of the consumers who had watched a DTC for certain product would get disappointed if they were not provided the same drug by the practitioner.While 25% said that would try to influence their doctor to chang e the mind, while the remaining 15% thought that they would switch the doctor. All these factors suggest that the use of DTC is actually creating complexity in the minds of the consumers. DTC has clearly increased the sales of drugs, or they have actually increased the number of drugs that have been prescribed, but the question that has to get answered is whether these drugs are essential for the consumers or are they just wastage of the scarce resources in the economy.According tot eh doctors, a drug is thought to have efficiency if the positive impacts of its use out number the negative connotations. Under these situations it is of great importance that the correct drug is prescribed. Another factor that has been raised due to the use of DTC has been the increase in the prices of the DTC advertised products that cost more than the generic drugs available in the market. These ads present biased appeals to the masses to influence decisions about drugs that are designed to be approve d within the context of a relationship between a knowledgeable professional and a person who is known as an individual.The professional has a complete historical knowledge about the patient and does know about anything present in the drug that might cause a problem to the patient. On the other hand when the same patient requests the use of another product that had been advertised, it becomes difficult for the doctor to explain to his patient that the drug has a different purpose, and so wastes around 40% of the doctors precious time just to explain that the drug that was been prescribed was much better than the one being advertised.One unintentional effect of the DTC would be the worsening of inequalities in health and heath care. Research has shown reduced understanding of DTC ads for viewers with limited literacy and lower health knowledge, raising the concern that the effect of ads would increase disparities. Conclusion: The study that was done tried to explore the different pros and cons of the direct-to-consumer marketing on the consumer’s choice for the prescription of the drug.It was seen that the consumers are naà ¯ve about the use of the drugs and could be easily manipulated by the pharmaceutical companies through the misleading information in the advertisements or the incomplete information. Therefore, it is of utmost need that the authorities like PhRMA and FDA take serious steps towards consumer protection. On the other hand, it was observed that it is not the use of advertising was not being done to educate the consumer; it was rather being done to increase the profitability of the organizations.Had it been other way round, the companies would not mind using the generic names. The pharmaceutical organizations are trying to increase the market size; this increase in the market size would automatically mean an increase in the potential customers, and so higher revenues over the years for the companies. The drugs that are being advertised are being sold at even higher cost, suggesting that these drugs are of a superior quality, although that is not the case.Proper research is lacking as within a period of one year the drug are advertised leading to the sales. Proper trust in this form has to be inculcated, and that would be possible only if the pharmaceutical companies act more responsibly and instead of trying to generate only profits also work for the betterment of humanity. The long term impact of DTC need greater in depth studies and would require extensive research, but it would be worthwhile to do so, given the enormous stakes of public health and huge sums of money involved.

School Programs Like in China

China can be a great place to learn depending on what topic you are studying, what teaching methods work best for you or your personal interests. Whether youre thinking of going to school in China, considering enrolling your child in a Chinese school, or just curious to know more, here are answers to frequently asked questions about school programs in China, Chinas education methods, and enrolling in school in China. Education Fees Education is required and free for Chinese citizens age 6 to 15 though parents must pay fees for books and uniforms. Chinese children all get a primary and middle school public education. Each class averages 35 students. After middle school, parents must pay for public high school. The majority of families in cities can afford the fees, but in rural parts of China, many students stop their education at age 15. For the wealthy, there is a growing number of private schools in China as well as dozens of international private schools. Tests In high school, Chinese students begin preparing for the competitive é «ËœÃ¨â‚¬Æ' (gaokao, National University Entrance Examinations). Somewhat similar to the SAT for American students, seniors take this test in the summer. The results determine which Chinese university test-takers will attend the following year. Classes Offered   Chinese students attend classes five or six days a week from the early morning (about 7 am) to early evening (4 pm or later). On Saturdays, many schools hold required morning classes in science and math. Many students also attend è £Å"ç ¿â€™Ã§  ­ (buxiban), or cram school, in the evening and on weekends. Much like tutoring in the West, schools in China offer additional Chinese, English, science and math classes and one-on-one tutoring. Aside from math and science, students take Chinese, English, history, literature, music, art, and physical education. Chinese Versus Western Education Methods China’s teaching methodology differs from Western education methodology. Rote memorization is emphasized and there is a heavier focus on math, science, and Chinese studies. It is also standard practice for classes to be complemented with extensive test prep throughout middle school, junior high school, and high school for college entrance exams. Schools in China have after-school activities, like sports and music lessons, but these activities are not as extensive as those found in international schools and schools in the West. For example, while team sports are becoming more popular, competition among schools is more like an intramural team sports system rather than a competitive system. Vacation Schools in China have a break lasting for several days or a week during China’s national holiday at the beginning of October. During Spring Festival in mid-January or mid-February, depending on the lunar calendar, students have one to three weeks off. The next break is for China’s labor holiday, which occurs during the first few days of May. Finally, students have a summer vacation which is much shorter than in the US. Summer vacation typically begins in mid-July though some schools start their vacations in June. The vacation lasts for approximately one month. Can Foreigners Go to Primary or Secondary School in China? While most international schools will only accept Chinese students who hold a foreign passport, Chinese public schools are required by law to accept children of legal foreign residents. Admissions requirements vary but most schools require an admissions application, health records, passport, visa information, and previous school records. Some, like nurseries and kindergartens, require a birth certificate. Others require recommendation letters, assessments, on-campus interviews, entrance exams, and language requirements. Students who cannot speak Mandarin are usually held back a few grades and usually start in first grade until their language skills improve. All classes except English are taught entirely in Chinese. Going to a local school in China has become a popular choice for expat families who live in China but can’t afford the high price of international schools. The admissions materials at local schools are typically in Chinese and there’s little support for families and students who do not speak Chinese. Schools in Beijing that accept foreign students include  Fangcaodi Primary School (èŠ ³Ã¨ â€°Ã¥Å" °Ã¥ ° Ã¥ ­ ¦) and The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China Beijing Ritan High School (ä º ºÃ¥ ¤ §Ã©â„¢â€žÃ¤ ¸ ­). There are over 70 schools approved by China’s Ministry of Education to provide foreign instruction. Unlike local children, foreigners must pay a yearly tuition which varies but starts at about 28,000RMB. Can Foreigners Go to College or University in China? Various programs are offered at schools in China for foreigners. An application, copies of visa and passport, school records, physical exam, photo, and proof of language proficiency are all most students need to gain acceptance to undergraduate and graduate programs at schools in China. Chinese language proficiency is typically demonstrated by taking the  Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi  (HSK exam). Most schools require a score of level 6 (on a scale of 1 to 11) to enter undergraduate and graduate programs. Additionally, a perk for foreigners is that they are exempt from the gaokao.   Scholarships Many prospective students consider applying for scholarships to study at schools in China. Foreign students pay more in tuition than local students, but the fees are generally much less than students would pay in the United States or Europe. Tuition starts at 23,000RMB annually. Scholarships are available for foreigners. The most common scholarship is given by the Ministry of Education’s China Scholarship Council and the Chinese government. The Chinese government also awards the HSK Winner Scholarships for the top HSK test-scorers overseas. One scholarship is awarded per country where the test is administered. What If I Dont Speak Chinese? There are programs for those who do not speak Chinese. From Mandarin language learning to Chinese medicine to a Master of Business Administration, foreigners can study a range of subjects at schools in China, including Beijing and Shanghai, without speaking a word of Mandarin. Programs range from a few weeks to two years or more. The application process is quite simple and consists of an application, a copy of visa, passport, school records or diploma, physical exam, and photo.